What's included

Measures water's capacity to neutralize acids, largely from carbonate and bicarbonate; low alkalinity can lead to pH instability.

Reflects the concentration of calcium and magnesium; hard water can cause scale buildup in pipes and appliances.

Represents all organic and inorganic substances dissolved in water; high levels may affect taste and health.

Indicates how acidic or basic water is; extreme pH levels can corrode pipes and affect health.

A naturally occurring element found in water and soil; excessive intake may affect reproductive and developmental health.

Commonly found in salts; high levels in water can affect taste and contribute to corrosion of plumbing systems.

Added to water to prevent tooth decay, but excessive levels can lead to dental or skeletal fluorosis.

Often from fertilizers or septic systems; high levels can cause 'blue baby syndrome' in infants and other health issues.

Essential nutrient, but excess in water can promote algal blooms and degrade water quality; not typically harmful at low levels.

Naturally occurring mineral; can have a laxative effect at high concentrations and impact water taste.

Occurs naturally and used in water treatment; high levels may affect the nervous system and contribute to kidney issues.

Used in flame retardants and alloys; can cause gastrointestinal and cardiovascular effects at high exposure levels.

Naturally occurring and highly toxic; long-term exposure is linked to cancer, skin lesions, and cardiovascular diseases.

Found in mineral deposits; high levels can affect the cardiovascular system and cause muscle weakness.

Used in aerospace and electronics; toxic when inhaled or ingested, and may cause lung disease and cancer.

Released from industrial processes; accumulates in kidneys and can cause bone and organ damage.

Includes trivalent (essential nutrient) and hexavalent (toxic) forms; hexavalent chromium is a known carcinogen.

Essential trace element; high exposure can affect the thyroid and cause heart and lung issues.

Essential for health but excessive levels from pipes can cause gastrointestinal distress and liver/kidney damage.

Common in groundwater; not typically harmful but may cause staining and affect taste and color of water.

Highly toxic metal often from plumbing; causes neurological, developmental, and reproductive harm.

Naturally present in some waters; used medically, but high environmental exposure may affect thyroid and kidney function.

Essential in small amounts, but high levels may cause neurological effects and discolor water.

Toxic metal that can damage the nervous, digestive, and immune systems even at low concentrations.

Trace element essential for enzymes; high exposure may affect reproductive health and liver function.

Used in alloys and plating; may cause skin irritation and has potential carcinogenic effects.

Essential nutrient in trace amounts; overexposure can lead to selenosis with hair loss and nerve damage.

Used for antimicrobial purposes; high exposure can lead to argyria, a bluish-gray skin discoloration.

Naturally found in water; high levels may affect bone growth and density, especially in children.

Highly toxic and used in electronics; exposure can damage the nervous system and organs.

Used in coatings and alloys; generally low toxicity but organic tin compounds can be hazardous.

Used in medical and industrial applications; low toxicity and generally not harmful in drinking water.

Naturally radioactive; toxic to kidneys and potentially carcinogenic with prolonged exposure.

Occurs naturally; high levels may affect blood pressure and liver function.

Essential nutrient; high levels in water can cause nausea and a metallic taste.

Essential mineral that contributes to water hardness; not harmful and important for bone health.

Important nutrient also responsible for water hardness; excessive levels can have laxative effects.

Vital electrolyte for body functions; generally safe in water but high concentrations may affect taste.

Common in softened water; high levels may impact people with hypertension or cardiovascular conditions.

Major component of alkalinity in water; helps buffer pH and affects corrosiveness.

Chloride to sulfate mass ratio; used to assess corrosion potential in plumbing systems.

Form of alkalinity in water; influences buffering capacity and pH balance.

Unit of water hardness; indicates concentration of calcium and magnesium ions.

Measures calcium and magnesium levels; high hardness can cause scaling in pipes.

Sum of calcium and magnesium ions; affects soap effectiveness and scaling potential.

Predicts scale-forming or corrosive tendencies of water based on chemistry.

Used in agriculture to assess water's suitability for irrigation; high values affect soil structure.

Chlorine available for disinfection; too much may cause irritation, too little reduces protection.

Includes free and combined chlorine; ensures water remains effectively disinfected over time.

Indicates the ability of water to conduct electricity, related to the concentration of dissolved salts and minerals.

A byproduct of water disinfection; potential liver and kidney toxicant with suspected carcinogenic properties.

Formed during chlorination of water; may affect liver and kidneys and is a probable human carcinogen.

A byproduct of chlorination in water; prolonged exposure may damage liver and kidneys and is a possible carcinogen.

Occurs as a breakdown product of chlorine dioxide; may impair thyroid function with long-term exposure.

A common chlorination byproduct; can cause liver, kidney, and nervous system damage and is a suspected carcinogen.

One of the haloacetic acids formed during water chlorination; linked to liver damage and potential carcinogenicity.

A chlorination byproduct; may affect the liver and kidneys and is classified as a potential carcinogen.

Used in industrial processes and may appear in water as a byproduct; can affect the liver and central nervous system.

A disinfection byproduct associated with chlorinated drinking water; may cause liver toxicity and is a possible carcinogen.

Formed during chlorination in the presence of bromide; potential health effects include toxicity to liver and kidneys.

A byproduct of disinfection and industrial chemical; can be toxic to the liver and nervous system in high amounts.

A haloacetic acid from chlorinated water; long-term exposure may cause liver damage and has possible carcinogenic effects.

Intermediate in nitrogen cycle; can interfere with oxygen transport in the blood and is especially dangerous to infants.

Used as a soil fumigant; potential carcinogen and harmful to liver, kidneys, and respiratory system.

Industrial solvent and gasoline component; known human carcinogen affecting bone marrow and immune system.

Used in fuel and plastics; can affect the liver, kidneys, and nervous system at high exposures.

Fuel additive to reduce emissions; contaminates groundwater and may cause headaches and nausea.

Found in mothballs and fuels; exposure can damage red blood cells and cause respiratory issues.

Common solvent in paints and fuels; can cause neurological effects and kidney or liver damage.

Used in solvents and fuels; high exposure affects the nervous system and may cause headaches or dizziness.

Isomer of xylene used in industry; can cause eye, nose, and throat irritation and nervous system effects.

Measures alpha particle radiation in water; elevated levels increase cancer risk with long-term exposure.

Indicates beta particle radiation levels; prolonged exposure may damage cells and increase cancer risk.

Industrial solvent and chemical intermediate; exposure may affect the liver, kidneys, and nervous system.

Used in manufacturing plastics; inhalation or ingestion can affect liver function and the nervous system.

Industrial chemical used in agriculture; may cause respiratory irritation and is a suspected carcinogen.

Formerly used as a solvent and cleaner; exposure can depress the central nervous system and harm the liver.

Byproduct in chemical manufacturing; toxic to liver and may cause dizziness and drowsiness upon exposure.

Solvent and degreaser; potential liver toxin and suspected human carcinogen.

Used in chemical synthesis; highly toxic to the liver and central nervous system.

Used in industrial processes and pesticides; exposure may irritate the eyes and respiratory tract.

Used to produce vinyl chloride; toxic and a probable human carcinogen with chronic exposure.

Used as a solvent and fumigant; can cause liver and kidney damage and is a likely carcinogen.

Byproduct in chemical manufacturing; may affect liver, kidneys, and nervous system with prolonged exposure.

Soil fumigant and industrial solvent; highly toxic and a probable human carcinogen.

Used as a solvent and in pesticides; may cause skin irritation and liver damage with high exposure.

Used in gasoline and as a solvent; may irritate respiratory system and affect the nervous system.

Intermediate in chemical production; can cause eye and respiratory irritation and affect organs with long-term exposure.

Used in research and manufacturing; limited data, but may be harmful to the liver and kidneys.

Component of gasoline; inhalation can lead to dizziness, headache, and respiratory effects.

Used in mothballs and deodorizers; can affect the liver and is classified as a possible human carcinogen.

Byproduct in chemical manufacturing; limited data, but may cause organ toxicity with prolonged exposure.

Used in dyes and pharmaceuticals; can irritate eyes and skin and affect the liver.

Used as a fumigant; toxic to the nervous system and may cause reproductive effects.

Formerly used in fire extinguishers and refrigerants; toxic to the liver and kidneys and a probable human carcinogen.

Used in the production of pesticides and dyes; may affect the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system.

Used as a refrigerant and topical anesthetic; inhalation may depress the central nervous system.

Used in silicone production and refrigeration; toxic to the nervous system with chronic exposure.

Used in chemical manufacturing; may cause respiratory and liver irritation with prolonged exposure.

Industrial solvent and intermediate; potential irritant to eyes, skin, and lungs.

Banned soil fumigant; known to cause reproductive and kidney damage.

Freon refrigerant; low acute toxicity but contributes to ozone depletion.

Common solvent; suspected carcinogen that affects the nervous system with high exposure.

Used in leaded gasoline and fumigation; highly toxic and classified as a carcinogen.

Used in rubber manufacturing; causes liver and kidney damage and may be carcinogenic.

Solvent and intermediate in chemical production; may affect the central nervous system and liver.

Used in plastic and rubber manufacturing; may cause respiratory irritation and nervous system effects.

Dry cleaning solvent; suspected carcinogen that can cause neurological and liver effects.

Degreasing solvent; carcinogenic and can harm the liver and central nervous system.

Freon compound used in refrigeration; low toxicity but damages the ozone layer.

Used in PVC production; a known human carcinogen affecting the liver and central nervous system.

Used in chemical manufacturing; can cause nausea, dizziness, and liver effects with exposure.

Used in fragrances and as a solvent; may irritate the respiratory system and skin.

Used in industrial and fragrance applications; inhalation may cause irritation and dizziness.

Used in chemical manufacturing; limited toxicity data, but may cause irritation.

Solvent and chemical intermediate; can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.

Used in chemical synthesis; may affect the liver and cause respiratory irritation.

Soil fumigant; toxic to the liver and kidneys and classified as a probable carcinogen.

Group of disinfection byproducts; long-term exposure may increase cancer risk.

Total trihalomethanes formed during disinfection; associated with potential cancer risks.

The Air Quality Index (AQI) is an aggregate measure of the amount of pollution in the air developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Ultrafine airborne particles that penetrate deep into the lungs and may enter the bloodstream, posing risks to cardiovascular and respiratory health.

Microscopic particles that penetrate deep into the lungs, increasing risks of heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer.

Larger airborne particles that cause respiratory irritation and contribute to chronic lung conditions.

A naturally occurring gas that can build up indoors, leading to drowsiness, reduced concentration, and poor air quality when ventilation is inadequate.

A common indoor pollutant released from furniture, flooring, and household products; known to cause eye, nose, and throat irritation.

A mix of airborne chemicals emitted from paints, cleaning agents, and building materials that can impact indoor air quality and health.

A count of airborne particles per liter of air, indicating the level of particulate pollution that may affect respiratory health.

A radioactive gas that seeps into buildings from the ground and is a leading cause of lung cancer after smoking.

A colorless, odorless gas from incomplete combustion that can cause headaches, dizziness, or even death at high levels.

A flammable gas often associated with natural gas leaks; while not toxic, it poses explosion risks and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions.

A combustible gas used in heating and cooking; leaks can cause fire hazards and displace oxygen in enclosed spaces.

A component of natural gas that indicates potential leaks; though not highly toxic, it can be a warning sign of gas buildup.

The amount of moisture in the air, which affects comfort, respiratory conditions, and the growth of mold or dust mites.

The ambient air temperature, influencing comfort, sleep quality, and energy efficiency in indoor environments.

A xerophilic mold species that thrives in low-moisture environments; common in indoor dust and may signal chronic humidity issues.

A common indoor mold linked to water damage that produces mycotoxins and is associated with respiratory irritation and allergic reactions.

A mold frequently found in water-damaged buildings; known for breaking down cellulose and associated with musty odors and structural decay.

Often referred to as 'black mold,' this species thrives on water-saturated materials and produces potent mycotoxins that may impact respiratory and neurological health.

A xerophilic mold that thrives in dry indoor environments; while less studied, it may contribute to allergic responses and indoor air quality concerns.

A mold species complex known for producing mycotoxins; often found in water-damaged environments and stored food products.

A thermotolerant mold commonly found in decaying organic matter and water-damaged buildings; can cause respiratory infections in immunocompromised individuals.

A widespread black mold species that can contribute to allergic reactions and is commonly found in damp indoor environments.

A species known for producing ochratoxin A, a potent mycotoxin; often found in damp or water-damaged indoor spaces.

A dry-loving mold species often found in house dust; typically signals low-level, persistent moisture conditions.

Less commonly encountered indoors; may appear in water-damaged environments and is related to species producing resistant spores.

A mold often found in both marine and indoor environments; associated with water damage and capable of producing secondary metabolites.

A slow-growing mold with high salt and heat tolerance; commonly isolated from water-damaged materials and textiles.

A black yeast-like fungus commonly found on damp surfaces like wood and caulking; can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

A common indoor mold that thrives on damp surfaces and can cause asthma and allergy symptoms.

A xerophilic species of the Aspergillus family, found in dry or salty indoor environments like dust and stored grains.

A heat-tolerant mold found in soil and damp buildings; may cause infections in immunocompromised individuals.

Produces mycotoxins and is commonly found in damp building materials; linked to indoor air quality issues.

Found in water-damaged materials and can emit musty odors; occasionally linked to food spoilage.

A common food contaminant and indoor mold; produces a blue-green colony and may produce mycotoxins.

Identified in both soil and damp building materials; known to produce red pigments and possible mycotoxins.

Less commonly found indoors, but may appear in moist, cellulose-rich environments; its health effects are not well documented.

Found in house dust and damp indoor materials; may produce metabolites affecting air quality.

Often found in decaying building materials; can produce toxic compounds and occasionally causes nail infections.

A rare species found in damp environments; limited data exists on its health effects but may indicate chronic moisture.

A fast-growing green mold found on wet materials; can produce allergens and compete with other fungi.

Found in house dust and HVAC systems; can cause opportunistic infections and produce toxins.

A common allergenic mold found in homes; linked to asthma exacerbation and found on wallpaper, textiles, and plants.

An uncommon indoor mold occasionally found in damp environments; may be opportunistic in immunocompromised individuals.

One of the most common indoor molds; typically grows on wood, textiles, and painted walls and can cause allergic reactions.

A closely related strain of Cladosporium; found in similar indoor habitats and may contribute to respiratory symptoms.

Frequently found indoors and outdoors; known to trigger allergies and asthma in sensitive individuals.

A fast-spreading mold with orange or black pigmentation; often found on damp materials and associated with allergy symptoms.

A fast-growing mold found in soil and indoor dust; can be opportunistic in compromised immune systems.

A widespread mold known for antibiotic production; common in damp buildings and associated with musty odors.

A bread mold that grows rapidly on moist surfaces; rarely a health concern unless immunocompromised.

Tiny skin flakes from cats that easily become airborne and can trigger sneezing, asthma, and other allergic reactions.

Microscopic bugs that live in bedding, carpets, and furniture. Their waste is a major cause of indoor allergies.

Proteins found in cockroach droppings, saliva, and shed body parts. Common in kitchens and linked to asthma.

Small flakes of skin from dogs that float in the air and often cause allergy symptoms in sensitive people.

Fine particles from bird feathers and skin that can build up in the home and affect breathing over time.

Pollen from trees like oak, birch, or cedar that causes seasonal allergy symptoms like sneezing and itchy eyes.

Exposure to certain wavelengths, especially blue light (~400-500 nm), affects circadian rhythm, melatonin production, and can contribute to eye strain or retinal damage.

Impacts mood and sleep. Cooler (blue-rich) light can enhance alertness but disrupt sleep if used late in the day; warmer light is better for evening use.

Directly quantification of exposure to blue light, which disrupts melatonin production and increases risk of retinal stress or damage.

Affects visual comfort and perception accuracy. Low CRI lighting can lead to eye strain and visual fatigue over time.

Measures how 'natural' a light appears. Extreme deviations can cause discomfort and perceptual distortion, though not directly harmful.

Insufficient or excessive lighting can affect alertness, mental performance, eye strain, and even psychological well-being.

Even imperceptible flicker can cause headaches, migraines, eye strain, and fatigue, especially in sensitive individuals.

Affects visual comfort and risk of glare. Poor luminance can lead to squinting, discomfort, or visual fatigue.

How much a light source stimulates the eye's melanopsin receptors, which regulate the body's circadian rhythm. Higher melanopic ratios promote alertness and wakefulness; lower ratios help preserve melatonin and support healthy sleep.

Extremely small plastic particles less than 10 microns in size that can penetrate biological membranes and potentially disrupt cellular processes.

Tiny plastic fragments typically under 50 micron, small enough to be inhaled or absorbed into tissues, raising concerns for long-term health effects.

Plastic particles ranging from 50 to 100 microns, commonly found in air and water, that may accumulate in the lungs or digestive tract.

Mid-sized microplastic particles around 10-100 microns, often resulting from the breakdown of larger plastics and found in indoor dust and food.

Plastic fragments between 500-1000 microns that are visible under magnification and originate from clothing fibers, packaging, and consumer products.

The largest category of microplastics, over 5000 microns often resulting from degraded plastics and contributing to environmental contamination.

Excess indoor moisture that promotes mold growth, dust mites, and respiratory problems.

Water intrusion risk from the roof that can cause mold, structural damage, and microbial growth.

Water leaks inside walls, floors, or under sinks that promote microbial growth and increase risk of building material decay.

The flow of fresh outdoor air into the home, essential for diluting indoor pollutants like VOCs, carbon dioxide, and allergens.

Poor filtration leads to buildup of fine particulates (PM2.5), allergens, and microbial growth inside the system.

The number of times indoor air is replaced with outdoor air per hour, directly affecting pollutant buildup, carbon dioxide levels, and overall air freshness.

Old paint containing lead, common in homes built before 1978, which can chip or dust off and cause irreversible neurological damage, especially in children.

Gaps or failures in window sealing that allow moisture, drafts, pollutants, and allergens to enter the indoor environment.

Material inside walls and attics that affects energy efficiency and indoor air quality; older or damaged insulation can harbor dust, mold, and chemical residues.

A fibrous mineral once used in insulation, flooring, and ceilings that releases microscopic fibers into the air when disturbed, leading to lung diseases and cancer.

Defective drywall imported in the 2000s that emits sulfur gases, corroding metals in the home and irritating eyes, lungs, and skin.

The sealing and insulating of this more exposed space prevents moisture, mold, radon infiltration, and pest intrusion.

Poor ventilation can trap moisture, leading to mold growth and wood rot in attic spaces.

The hidden network distributing heated or cooled air throughout a home, which can collect dust, mold, and chemicals if not properly sealed and maintained.

Cracks in the foundation can allow water intrusion, radon gas entry, and structural instability.

Damaged or blocked chimneys can leak carbon monoxide and particulate matter back into living spaces.

Fumes from attached garages (gasoline, paints, car exhaust) can infiltrate the home, worsening indoor air quality.

Improper venting of a water heater can cause backdrafting of carbon monoxide and combustion gases into living spaces.

Fine particles released from sprays and products can irritate the lungs and contribute to indoor air pollution.

Toxic metal that can leach from paints, pipes, and imported goods, damaging the brain, kidneys, and nervous system.

Chemicals added to furniture and textiles that are linked to hormone disruption, developmental issues, and cancer.

A reactive gas that can form indoors from purifiers or outdoor infiltration, irritating the lungs and worsening asthma.

Persistent chemicals used in stain-resistant and non-stick products associated with immune suppression, cancer, and hormonal issues.

A widely used herbicide linked to potential gut microbiome disruption, inflammation, and cancer risk.

Plastic chemicals that mimic hormones in the body and may disrupt endocrine, reproductive, and metabolic health.

An essential mineral for thyroid function; deficiency or excess can cause hormonal imbalances and developmental issues.

A protein in wheat and other grains that can trigger autoimmune reactions or gut inflammation in sensitive individuals.

Tiny plastic particles that may accumulate in the body, potentially causing health issues like inflammation, oxidative stress, and more.

A toxic heavy metal found in water and food that is linked to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and developmental problems.

Additives used to extend shelf life that may trigger allergies, gut microbiome disruption, or contribute to chronic inflammation when consumed in excess.

A strong disinfectant commonly found in bleach; overexposure can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.

Used in glass and all-purpose cleaners; inhalation of fumes can cause respiratory irritation and dizziness.

Active ingredients in disinfectant wipes and sprays; linked to skin irritation and potential respiratory issues with prolonged use.

Used in detergents to improve cleaning efficiency; contribute to environmental harm by promoting algae growth in waterways.

Emitted from air fresheners, cleaning products, and paints; associated with headaches, eye irritation, and long-term indoor air pollution.